星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞定位對(duì)神經(jīng)突觸的功能

星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞，在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)（CNS）zui豐富的細(xì)胞群，是正常的神經(jīng)功能所必需的。本研究表明，從胚胎發(fā)育的角度來(lái)看，星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞按照它們?cè)谀X室區(qū)中的胚胎起源位點(diǎn)被分配到小鼠脊髓和大腦區(qū)域。這些區(qū)域保持穩(wěn)定，在小鼠整個(gè)生命過(guò)程中都沒(méi)有發(fā)生二次切線遷移的證據(jù)，甚至在急性中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)損傷后也保持穩(wěn)定。

在腹側(cè)脊髓中區(qū)域特異性去除星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞，導(dǎo)致異常的運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元突觸發(fā)生。這不能由來(lái)自毗鄰地區(qū)的星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞遷移所補(bǔ)救。

該研究結(jié)果表明，區(qū)域限制的星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的分配是中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的一種普遍現(xiàn)象，同時(shí)揭示了星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞損傷反應(yīng)的內(nèi)在限制。

原文摘要：

Regional Astrocyte Allocation Regulates CNS Synaptogenesis and Repair

Hui-Hsin Tsai1,2,5, Huiliang Li6,*, Luis C. Fuentealba4,5,*, Anna V. Molofsky1,3,5,*, Raquel Taveira-Marques6,*, Helin Zhuang6, April Tenney1,2, Alice T. Murnen1,2,5, Stephen P. J. Fancy1,2,5, Florian Merkle4,?, Nicoletta Kessaris6, Arturo Alvarez-Buylla4,5,?, William D. Richardson6,?, David H. Rowitch1,2,4,5

Astrocytes, the most abundant cell population in the central nervous system （CNS）, are essential for normal neurological function. We show that astrocytes are allocated to spatial domains in murine spinal cord and brain in accordance with their embryonic sites of origin in the ventricular zone. These domains remain stable throughout life without evidence of secondary tangential migration, even after acute CNS injury. Domain-specific depletion of astrocytes in ventral spinal cord resulted in abnormal motor neuron synaptogenesis, which was not rescued by immigration of astrocytes from adjoining regions. Our findings demonstrate that region-restricted astrocyte allocation is a general CNS phenomenon and reveal intrinsic limitations of the astroglial response to injury.